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| influenced = | prizes = | religion = Christian〔http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Advisory.php?UID=181〕 | footnotes = | spouse = 〔 | children = two sons, one daughter〔 | website = | module = }} Sir Martin John Evans (b. 1 January 1941, Stroud, Gloucestershire〔〔) is a Welsh biologist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981. He is also known, along with Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, for his work in the development of the knockout mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic stem cells to create specific gene modifications in mice.〔(Stem cell architect is knighted ) BBC News : Wednesday, 31 December 2003〕〔 (subscription required)〕 In 2007, the three shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of their discovery and contribution to the efforts to develop new treatments for illnesses in humans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 )〕〔(Evans Nobel Prize lecture )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】A celebration of science in the UK: 10 Britons who shaped our world )〕 He won a major scholarship to Christ's College, Cambridge at a time when advances in genetics were occurring there and became interested in biology and biochemistry. He then went to University College London where he learned laboratory skills supervised by Elizabeth Deuchar. In 1978, he moved to the Department of Genetics, at the University of Cambridge, and in 1980 began his collaboration with Matthew Kaufman. They explored the method of using blastocysts for the isolation of embryonic stem cells. After Kaufman left, Evans continued his work, upgrading his laboratory skills to the newest technologies, isolated the embryonic stem cell of the early mouse embryo and established it in a cell culture. He genetically modified and implanted it into adult female mice with the intent of creating genetically modified offspring, work for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2007. Today, genetically modified mice are considered vital for medical research. ==Early life== Evans was born in Stroud, Gloucestershire, England on 1 January 1941.〔 His mother was a teacher.〔 His father maintained a mechanical workshop and taught Evans to use tools and machines including a lathe.〔 Evans was close to his grandfather who was a choir master at a Baptist Church for over 40 years, and whose main interests were music, poetry, and the Baptist Church.〔 His mother's brother was a professor of astronomy at the University of Cambridge.〔 As a boy Evans was quiet, shy and inquisitive.〔 He liked science, and his parents encouraged his education.〔 He remembers loving old science books and receiving an electric experimental set which he wanted for Christmas.〔 He attributes to a chemistry set, from which he learned basic chemistry, for the development of one of his "greatest amateur passions".〔 He went to middle school at St Dunstan's College,〔 an independent school for boys in South East London, where he started chemistry and physics classes, and studied biology. He worked hard studying for the University of Cambridge entrance exams. At school he was one of the best pupils, although not at the top of the class.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martin Evans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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